Furnace for burning liquid fuel



; June 17, 1930. A E RUTTQ; 1,764,528

FURNACE FOR BURNING LIQUID FUEL Filed June 1sj192v s Shecs-Sheet 1 June17, 1930.

. J. E. RUTTER FURNACE FOR BURNING LIQUID FUEL Filed June 16, 1927 -3Sheets-Sheet 2 June 17, 1930. J. E. RUTTER FURNACE FOR BURNING LIQUIDFUEL Filed June 16, 1927 3 sheets-sheet. s

Patentecl June 17, 1930 j UN- I-TED res , JOSEPH 1:. Roman, or roar LEE,NEWJEBS Y.

summon FOR BURZtIING LIQ ID FUEL Application filed June 16,

This invention relates to an apparatus or furnace for the eflicientburning and gasifying of liquid fuel or oil for heating purposes, andhas for its object the provision of'a hydro-carbon burner which willoperate at high eificiency and at a minimum cost; and the inventionconsists of the improved construction and arrangement 'of parts whichwill be described in detail in the specification to follow, and thenovel features of which will be set forth in the appended claims. I i

In the accompanying drawings: Fig. 1 is a front elevationof my improved5 apparatus with parts broken 'away and parts in section.

' Fig.2 is a side elevation of the same with parts broken away and withparts in section.

Fig. 3' is a fragmentaryview in elevation of the apertur'ed arch'of thesecondary combustion chamber. 'Fig. 4; is an elevation of the oilignition burner unit.

Fig; 5- is a plan view of the same. I Fig. -6 is a vertical sectionthrough one side of the burner unit on the line 66 of eferring to thedrawings:

The improved apparatus comprises as its main elements an ignition burnerunit 1 to ,which the liquid fuel, in the present instance fuel oil issupplied by a pipe 2, a'n expansion chamber 3 arranged over the ignitionburner of the burner unit, a'primary combustion chamber 4 arranged overand connecting with the expansion. chamber, and a secondarycombustionchamber-5 communicating with and surrounding the primary combustionchamber, the said elements being surrounded by and enclosed in aheatingchamber 6 of a furnace structure provided with side walls 7, a rearwall" 7,'and a front wall 8..

The ignition burner unit as best shown in- Figs. 4, 5 and 6 consists ofa body oftruncated conical form which seated on the bottom of an openrectangular tray 9 so as to be surrounded by the side walls 9 of saidtray. At the top of the conical body is an oil distributor, in the formof a pan. 10in 1927. Serial No. 199,180)

position to receive the oil flowing from the discharge end of the oilsupply pipe 2, which pan is formed 'with discharge openings 11, in thepresent instance four in number in its sides, arranged at equalintervals around the pan, so.as to cause the oil delivered to the panand unignited therein to flow down the inclined side of the conicalbody. The

outer side of the conical body is formed, in linev with the dischargeopenings 11, with grooves or channels 12-which extend from saiddischarge openings to the base of the body, and "in these channels arearranged at two points in their length upper and lower protuberantspherical-like deflecting mem hers Band 14 for the purpose of dividingand spreading laterally the streams of oil flowing downwardly in thechannels. At the points in the channels where the deflecting membersl3-are located the conical body is formed with upwardly and outwardlyextending branch channels 15 communicating at their lower ends with thechannels 12; and at the points where the lower deflecting members 14 arelocated, the conical body is formed with similar branch channels 16communicating at their lower ends with the 'basesof the channelsl2.Surrounding the conical body just below the deflecting members 13 isacircular air distributing pipe 17 formed with air discharge openings 18in 1ts inner side in line with the respective chan nels 12, the saidpipe extending outwardly .through a side wall of the tray 9 and beingadapted to be {connected with a suitable source of air under pressure,and bemg provided with a controlling valve 19; and surrounding theconical body just below the de-v flecting members 14 is a similarcircular air.

distributing pipe 20 formed with air discharge openings 21 in its innerside in line with the respective channels 12 said pipe extendingoutwardly through the side wall of the tray and being adapted forconnection with a suitable source of air under pressure and providedwith a controlling valve 22.

In the operation of thebiu'ner-unit the oil is fed bygravity by thesupply pi pe to the distributing pan 10, where it is gnited, and suchoil as may not become 1gagainst the protuberant deflecting-members andup the branch channels 16 and vapor.-

ized, and any oil which is still unvaporized at this point will flowdownto the bottom of the tray and escape therefrom through openings-23in the side wall of the tray and enter a pipe 24 by which the oil willbe delivered to anoyerflow tank 26 more particularly described later on.

zaT'Due to 'the action of the air 'currents on the'oil flowing down'thechannels 12, the oil is broken upintoa finely-divided vaporizedcondition,or spray'and will' readily ignite and burn with elficientcombustion. As the I oilwhich is still unvaporized willinstantlyescapefromthe'tray, there will be 'no liabil- ":ity "of the oil boilingin '-the tray and no "chance fortheformation of carbon at thisThee'x'pansion chamber 3"is 1n the form 1 of a throat with upwardly andbutwardly flaring Walls and is: arranged with its lower "end closeto"t-he-upper end of the tray*9 '--anjd is supportedby a fioor 27 ofheat insuthe- 'ivallsof the heating onfurnace chamber 6beforealluded'to. The walls of the ex- "pa'nsi'o'n chamber areformed of carborund'uinpossessing high degree the property 1 10? radiatingheat and the burningoiljpa'ss- -ing'upwardlyi'therethrough to the primary andedqicombu'stion chamber "will be effectively ex- *-"*The primaryeonibiis'tion cliainber 4e'is' ar- 5 ranged-over theexpan'sionchamber3,in position to receive the burning o'ildirectly therefrom; 'and' is'er'iclosedat its; sides -by 'si'de wa'lls 28 rising, from'the'fioor; atits back loyfv aba'ck wanes) also rising from the fioor,

5Q whi'ch walls'are formed-with amultitude'ot I restricted 'apertures30'and' 31 respectively;

iat its front by the Wall '8' before alluded to;

: "and at its'top bya' solid arch-32, the said walls andarcl ibeingpreferably' formed of c'arborundum brick, and the heated archserving as a targetagai'ii'st which the burning-particles of cit fromthe-expansion chamber-are impinged;

*Thefburnl n'g ivaporized. oil; escaping .eo-through the aperturesinthe' backand side i Walls of the primarycombustion chamber "will flow,into. the secondary combustion chamber 5, which as beforementioned'surrounds the primary chamber. This secondeqarychamber is enclosed atits sides" and back by side piers. 33 and a -back wallj3t igl sin'g fromthe floor27, and at its top by an arch 35, which walls and arch arepreferably formed of carborundum, the said chamber being closed at itsfront, by the front wall 8 ot the furnace structure. 'The rear wall isprovidedcat a point above the arch of the primary combustion chamberwith apertures 36 and the arch 35 is provided with apertures 37, throughwh ch two sets;- of'a'pertures the burning oil passes-to the heatingchamberCG before alluded to, to act on the boiler or other elementto beheated.

By the dual arrangement of the combustion'chambers asdescribed, a veryhigh ef-, ficiency in combustion of the oil is'eiiected.

The burning particles of oilfrom .th'e expansion chamber by beingimpinged by the air jets from pipes 17 and 20 against the highly heated1 a-rch -df the primary' combustion chamber, aree'xploded a'ndbroke'nyupas before explained, and the oil in this form and the' burninggases'flow outwardly through the apertures 30 and '31 and, enter the secondary combustion chamber where any particles of the burning oil whichmay not have been exploded in the primary combustion chamber, will, bystriking the" 'highly heated walls and arch of the secondary combustionchamber become completely gasified, thereby eliminating any chancel'of particles'.- ot ungasified oilbeing dep'osi'tedf on the {crown sheetof-the boiler or other 'element' to be heated. 36 'latingbrick extendinghorizontally between The primary combustion chamber, due to theformation of its walls of"carborundu1n and due to its (-ommun1cationswith the secondarycombustion: "chamber.through the" multitude of smallopenings as- 'describcd, w ll act as an effective wat'e'rgas generator,for which pu'rposewajterbr steamds fed by a pipe 38 to thedistributingpan of;the burnerumtgwhn by the previous burning of the-oil,the "carboru'ndum' walls o'tthe combustion chambers have become =highlvheated. The steam passing tlirOughth' pansion chamber 1 will beeomef-lsuperheated #by the-burning oil", andwill'bep'artly clisso ciated, free'hydrogen and oxygen 'combin- -ing w ith theacarbon'monoxideitoformwa'ter gas in the' secondary combustion chamber.

The dissociation of: the steanr and crackingiofunburned oil:aretacilitate'dby the' highly',

heated porous carborund'i'im walls [of the combustion chamber; IThe: leati resulting f rom the combustion of the wat-er gasthus iormed,coupled with" the heat ot I the inimaximum ellicicncy at the minimumcost of operation- 2 steam to the burner 'un'it, extend dow'nl:

wardly'in front of the furnace and enter the front sideof theexpansion/chamber through the front wall 8 of the furnace structure, thedischarge ends of said pipes being arranged over the oil distributingpan 10. The pipe 38 is connected with a suitable source of supply ofwater or steam as the case may be, and is provided with a controllingvalve 40.

The fuel oil supply pipe is likewise provided with a controlling valve41 and the pipe leads to one end of a stabilizer tank 42 supplied withoil from a pipe 43 entering the other end of the tank. The pipe 43 leadsdownwardly to the force side of a continuously operating pump 44 drivenby a motor 45, which pump has connected with itssuction side a pipe 46leading to a suitable source of oil supply. c.

The unignited oil flowing from the tray of the burner unit into theoverflow tank 26 before alluded to, and accumulating in said tank, isautomatically discharged therefrom from time to time by being drawn offby the pump and pumped upwardly into the stabilizer tank to be againsupplied to I the burner. This is effectedby a discharge pipe 47connected at one end to the pipe 46 and and a secondary combustionchamber substantially surrounding the primary combuspansion chamber andprovidedwithapertured side walls, an apertured back wall, and

a solid arch 'to' serve as a target for the fuel' from the expansionchamber, and a secondary combustion chamber substantially surroundingthe primary chamber and provided with solid sidewalls, and ,a back wall.apertured at a'point above the arch of the primary combustion aperturedarch.

In test-imonywhereof I have afiixed 'my signature hereto.

" JOSEPHI]. BUTTER.

chamber, and an having its other end eritended into the overflow tankand terminating near the bottom of thesame as shown in Fig. 1. Theend ofthe pipe 47 within the tank is engaged by a valve disc 48 on one end ofa horizontallever 49 pivoted between its ends within the tank on ahorizontal transverse axis as at 50, the other end of the lever having.fixed to. it a float 51. The form and relation of these parts are suchthat normally the valve disc will be held against and will close the endof the pipe, but on the rise of the float,

when the oiltin the tank accumulates to a predetermined l'evel,-the'yalve disc will be moved down and will open the end of the 'pipe,whereupon the pump will act to suck an expansion chamber in position toreceive theburning fuel from the burner .unit, a

primary combustion chamber communicatmg with the expansion chamber, anda secondary combustion chamber substantially surroundingthe primarycombustion cham- :ber and communicating therewith.

2. In an apparatus of the type described, the combination of a liquidfuel burner,- means for feeding liquid fuel to the same, a primarycombustion chamber in position} to receive the burning fuel from theburner unit and provided with apertured side walls, an apertured backwall, and a solid arch,

